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Sound Transmission Class (STC) is used to measure the amount of sound that travels through a material. The higher the STC number, the less sound will pass through. As sound travels through both air and structure, it is imperative to stop sound from travelling through both mediums.

To stop sound from travelling through the air, substrates like rock wool or fiberglass wool are used. When the noise hits the substrate, the sound energy is converted to heat energy.

To isolate sound from structures, isolators, springs, and mass loaded vinyls are used. When the vibration travels through a decoupled structure, the mechanical energy is dissipated.